Wildfire smoke contains small particles that can cause serious health problems. Several parts of Southern California are under a windblown dust and ash advisory as deadly wildfires burn across the region. The advisory, covering large sections of Los Angeles and Riverside, is expected to last until Wednesday evening.
Health experts and public officials urge those impacted by the fires to protect themselves from air pollution by staying indoors, wearing protective equipment, and taking steps to purify air. Dr. Muntu Davis, health officer for Los Angeles County, emphasized the importance of staying aware of the air quality and making plans to protect health.
Particulate matter (PM), a mixture of solid particles and liquid droplets, is a significant component of wildfire smoke. PM 10 and PM 2.5 are microscopic and can be inhaled, leading to serious health issues. Dr. Jamie Rutland, a pulmonologist, explains that inhaling these pollutants can activate an inflammatory response in the lungs and lead to broader systemic inflammation, affecting the heart, brain, and immune system.
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) reports that fine particles are respiratory irritants and prolonged exposure can lead to persistent coughing, wheezing, and difficulty breathing. Individuals with higher risk factors, such as children, older adults, and those with heart or lung conditions, are more vulnerable.
Exposure to hazardous particulate matter can last weeks to years. Dr. Rutland advises people to check the air quality index, wear masks, and seek medical attention if experiencing severe symptoms. Vulnerable individuals should remain indoors, keeping windows and doors sealed.
The EPA recommends using high-efficiency filters like MERV 13 or higher to remove particles from indoor air. They also suggest turning off fresh-air intake functions in central air systems and using portable air cleaners.
When going outside, people should wear NIOSH-approved respirators such as N95 or P100 masks. Eye protection may also be necessary.
Dr. Jade A. Cobern, a medical fellow, also contributes to this guidance.
